In the third millennium BCE, Mesopotamian king recorded and interpreted their dreams on wax tablets a thousand years later ancient Egyptians wrote a dream book listing over a hundred common dreams and their meanings, and in the years since we haven't paused in our quest to understand why we dream so after a great deal of scientific research technological advancement and persistence we still don't have any definite answers but we have some interesting theories.
In the early 1900s, Sigmund Freud proposed that while all of our dreams including our nightmares are a collection of images from our daily conscious lives they also have symbolic meanings that relate to the fulfillment of our subconscious wishes freud theorized that everything we remember when we wake up om a dream is a symbolic representation of our unconscious primitive thoughts urges and desires freud believed that by analyzing those remembered elements the unconscious content would be revealed to our conscious mind and psychological issue streaming from its repression could be addressed and resolved.
To increase performance on certain mental tasks sleep is good but dreaming while sleeping is better in 2010 researchers found that subjects were much better at getting through the complex 3D maze if they had napped and dreamed of the maze before their second attempt they were up to ten times better at it than those who only thought of the maze while awake between attempts and those who napped but did not dream about the maze researchers theorize that certain memory processes can happen only when are asleep and our dreams are a signal that these processes are taking place.
There are about 10000trillion neural connections within the architecture of your brain they are created by everything you think and everything you do a 1983 neurobiological theory of dreaming called reverse learning holds that while sleeping and mainly during REM sleep cycles your neocortex reviews these neural connections and dumps the unnecessary ones without this unlearning process which result in your dreams your brain could be overrun by useless connections and parasitic thoughts could disrupt the necessary thinking you need to do while you're awake.
The continual activation theory proposes that your dreams result from your brain's need to constantly consolidate and create long-term memories to function properly so when external input falls below a certain level like when you're asleep your brain automatically triggers the generation of data from its memory storages which appear to you in the form of the thoughts and feelings you experience your dreams in other words your dreams might be a random screen save your brain turns on so it's doesn't completely shut down.
Dreams involving dangerous and threatening situations are very common and the primitive instinct rehearsal theory holds that the content of a dream is significant to its purpose whether it's an anxiety-filled night of being chased through the woods by a bear or fighting off a ninja in a dark alley these dreams allow you to practice your fight or flight instincts and keep them sharp and dependable in case you'll need them in real life but it doesn't always have to be unpleasant for instance dreams about your attractive neighbor could give your reproductive instinct some practice too.
Stress neurotransmitters in the brain are much less active during the REM stage of sleep even during dreams of traumatic experiences leading some researchers to theorize that one purpose of dreaming is to take the edge off painful experiences to allow for psychological healing reviewing traumatic events in your dreams with less mental stress may grant you a clearer perspective and enhanced ability to process them in psychologically healthy ways people with certain mood disorders and PTSD often have difficult sleeping leading some scientists to believe that lack of dreaming may be a contributing factor to their illnesses.
Unconstrained by reality and the rules of conventional logic in your dreams your mind can create limitless scenarios to help you grasp problems and formulate solutions that you may not consider while awake john steinbeck called it the committee of sleep and research has demonstrated the effectiveness of dreaming on problem-solving it's also renowned chemist august Kekule discovered the structure of the benzene molecule and it's the reason that sometimes the best solution for a problem is to sleep on it and those are just a few of the more prominent theories as the technology increases our capability for understand the brain it possible that one day we will discover the definitive reason for them.
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