Good morning everyone, I hope you all are okay. The memorial of Jesus death was done successfully and for those of us who attended, I said may Jehovah grant you your heart desires in accordance to his will and for those of you who didn't, remain blessed and maybe you'll attend next year.
I'll be treating a topic on a disease condition called SCHISTOSOMIASIS(BILHARZIA)
SCHISTOSOMIASIS, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms. Although the worms that cause schistosomiasis are not found in the United States, people are infected worldwide. In terms of impact this disease is second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease. Schistosomiasis is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).The parasites that cause schistosomiasis live in certain types of freshwater snails. The infectious form of the parasite, known as cercariae, emerge from the snail into the water. You can become infected when your skin comes in contact with contaminated freshwater. Most human infections are caused by Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. japonicum.
DIAGNOSIS
Stool or urine samples can be examined microscopically for parasite eggs (stool for S. mansoni or S. japonicum eggs and urine for S. haematobium eggs). The eggs tend to be passed intermittently and in small amounts and may not be detected, so it may be necessary to perform a blood (serologic) test.
EPIDEMIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS
Schistosomiasis is an important cause of disease in many parts of the world, most commonly in places with poor sanitation. School-age children who live in these areas are often most at risk because they tend to spend time swimming or bathing in water containing infectious cercariae.
If you live in, or travel to, areas where schistosomiasis is found and are exposed to contaminated freshwater, you are at risk.
PREVENTION & CONTROL
Prevention
No vaccine is available.
The best way to prevent schistosomiasis is to take the following steps if you are visiting or live in an area where schistosomiasis is transmitted:
Avoid swimming or wading in freshwater when you are in countries in which schistosomiasis occurs. Swimming in the ocean and in chlorinated swimming pools is safe.
Drink safe water. Although schistosomiasis is not transmitted by swallowing contaminated water, if your mouth or lips come in contact with water containing the parasites, you could become infected. Because water coming directly from canals, lakes, rivers, streams, or springs may be contaminated with a variety of infectious organisms, you should either bring your water to a rolling boil for 1 minute or filter water before drinking it. Bring your water to a rolling boil for at least 1 minute will kill any harmful parasites, bacteria, or viruses present. Iodine treatment alone WILL NOT GUARANTEE that water is safe and free of all parasites.
Water used for bathing should be brought to a rolling boil for 1 minute to kill any cercariae, and then cooled before bathing to avoid scalding. Water held in a storage tank for at least 1 – 2 days should be safe for bathing.
Vigorous towel drying after an accidental, very brief water exposure may help to prevent parasites from penetrating the skin. However, do not rely on vigorous towel drying alone to prevent schistosomiasis.
Those who have had contact with potentially contaminated water overseas should see their health care provider after returning from travel to discuss testing.
More on: Schistosomiasis in Travelers
CONTROL
In countries where schistosomiasis causes significant disease, control efforts usually focus on:
Reducing the number of infections in people and/or
Eliminating the snails that are required to maintain the parasite’s life cycle.
For all species that cause schistosomiasis, improved sanitation could reduce or eliminate transmission of this disease. In some areas with lower transmission levels, elimination of schistosomiasis is considered a “winnable battle” by public health officials.
Control measures can include mass drug treatment of entire communities and targeted treatment of school-age children. Some of the problems with control of schistosomiasis include:
Chemicals used to eliminate snails in freshwater sources may harm other species of animals in the water and, if treatment is not sustained, the snails may return to those sites afterwards.
For certain species of the parasite, such as S. japonicum, animals such as cows or water buffalo can also be infected. Runoff from pastures (if livestock are infected) can contaminate freshwater sources.
AREAS WHERE HUMAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS is FOUND INCLUDE:
Schistosoma mansoni
Distributed throughout Africa: There is risk of infection in freshwater in southern and sub-Saharan Africa–including the great lakes and rivers as well as smaller bodies of water. Transmission also occurs in the Nile River valley in Sudan and Egypt.
South America: Including Brazil, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Caribbean (risk is very low): Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Lucia.
S. haematobium
Distributed throughout Africa: There is risk of infection in freshwater in southern and sub-Saharan Africa–including the great lakes and rivers as well as smaller bodies of water. Transmission also occurs in the Nile River valley in Egypt and the Mahgreb region of North Africa.
Found in areas of the Middle East.
A recent focus of ongoing transmission has been identified in Corsica.
S. japonicum
Found in Indonesia and parts of China and Southeast Asia.
S. mekongi
Found in Cambodia and Laos.
S. intercalatum
Found in parts of Central and West Africa.
Please may we always encourage high sanitary measures for the sake of we humans to gain a good and long lasting health and God will bless us for maintaining the planet he gave us and not distroying it.
The picture below is the evidence of my today's cleaning exercise.
From the lecture, you can see that the disease is fast seen or distributed I areas where poor sanitary measures is encouraged so our high sanitary measures is always encouraged by this cleanplanet community not for their own interests but for the interest of we humans so may we always strive to maintain a high sanitary measures so as to protect our planet from different disease for our own good health sake.
Thank you Cleanplanet
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